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ტრასეკას და აბრეშუმის გზის პროექტები და მათი მნიშვნელობა საქართველოს სატრანზიტო პოტენციალის განმტკიცების საქმეში


ნიკა ჩიტაძე. თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის ასპირანტი
2000 წლის ოქტომბერი. 
სტატია გამოქვეყნდა აშშ-ში გამომავალ ქართულ გაზეთ "კვალში"

saqarTvelos metad gansakuTrebuli geopolitikuri da ekonomikur-geografiuli mdebareoba gaaCnia. igi mdebareobs mravali eris da erovnebis, qristianuli da musulmanuri samyaros urTierTSeyris Tavisebur centrSi, rac bunebrivia masTan arsebul axlo gare samyaros daZabulobiT gamoarCevs. Cveni qveynis mdebareobisadmi yuradReba sxvadasxva qveynis liderebs ukve Cveni qveynis teritoriaze saxelmwifoebriobis Camoyalibebis droidan hqondaT mipyrobili. aq gadioda `didi abreSumis savaWro gzis~ erT-erTi umTavresi da umniSvnelovanesi monakveTi. am marSruts safuZveli kolxeTisa da egeosuri samyaros urTierTobiT Caeyara, rac kargad dasturdeba arqeologiuri aRmoCenebiT.
berZnuli importi kolxeTis samefos Sida raionebSi Cndeba ukve Zv. w. me-8 saukuneSi, rasac adasturebs `meetlis~ brinjaos qandakeba, romelic did msgavsebas avlens olimpiidan da delfodan cnobil `meetlis~ lakonur qandakebebTan. sofel muxurCaSi aRmoCenili brinjaos qandakeba jerjerobiT uZveles berZnul importad miiCneva mTels SavizRvispireTSi.
Soreuli CineTidan da centraluri aziidan Sav zRvamde gaWimuli mravali saxelmwifos gadamkveTi satranzito-saqaravno gzis kavkasiuri monakveTi da misi calkeuli nawilebi jer kidev winareelinistur xanaSi iqmneboda, raSic udaod didi roli Seasrula arqauli da klasikuri xanis vaWrobam Sav zRvaze, rac iyo erT-erTi Sedegi didi berZnuli kolonizaciisa: SavizRvispireTSi daarsebul berZnul qalaqebs intensiuri savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierToba hqondaT rogorc xmelTaSuazRvispireTis savaWro-saxelosno centrebTan (rac umniSvnelovanesi faqtori iyo Sav zRvaze erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli savaWro navsadgurebis warmoqmna-ganviTarebisaTvis), aseve adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan, rac moiTxovda sakomunikacio saSualebaTa Ziebas.
didi mniSvneloba iqonia savaWro urTierTobebma qveynis ekonomikazec. regularulma vaWrobam gamoiwvia warmoebis zrda da rac mTavaria fulis mimoqceva. Zv. w. me-6 saukunis bolo meoTxedsa da me-5-4 saukuneebSi mTels kolxeTSi farTo mimoqcevaSi Semovida vercxlis monetebi.
savaWro gzebis mniSvnelobaze metyvelebs is garemoebac, rom zogjer sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebi erTiani ZalebiT icavdnen savaWro gzebs mekobreebisagan. magaliTisaTvis cnobilia, rom Crdilo da aRmosavleT SavizRvispireTis qveynebsa da tomebs Zv. w. me-4 saukuneSi mWidro savaWro kontaqtebi hqondaT msxvil ekonomikur da savaWro centrTan -herakleasTan. magram amave zonaSi aqtiur mekobreobas eweoda henioxTa Zlieri tomi. amitom bosforis samefo, kolxeTi da heraklea iZulebulebi gaxdnen Zv. w. me-4 saukunis bolos moewyoT damsjeli samxedro aqcia, romlis mizani zRvis mekobreebisagan gawmenda da vaWrobisaTvis xelis Sewyoba iyo.
intensiuri vaWroba aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris saqarTvelos teritoriis gavliT Sua saukuneebis pirvel naxevarSic grZeldeboda, magram samwuxarod me-13-14 saukuneebidan mongolTa mier dasavleTis mimarTulebiT ganxorcielebuli agresiis Sedegad `abreSumis gzis~ mniSvneloba Sesustda. SemdgomSic gareSe mtrebis Tavdasxmebma da Sinafeodalurma daqsaqsulobam sagrZnoblad daaknina saqarTvelos, rogorc satranzito qveynis mniSvneloba. aRniSnuli rols saqarTvelo moklebuli iyo agreTve ruseTis imperiis mier 1801 wels saqarTvelos aneqsiis Sedegad. garkveuli perspeqtivebi gaCnda saqarTvelos mier 1918 wels gamocxadebuli damoukideblobis Semdeg. magaliTad saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobam xelSekruleba gaaforma Aazerbaijanis musavatur mTavrobasTan, romlis mixedviTac saqarTvelo valdebulebas iRebda yovelgvari satranzito gadasaxadebis gareSe gaetarebina azerbaijanSi mopovebuli navTobi Tavis teritoriaze misi Semdgomi reeqsportis mizniT dasavleTisaken. saqarTvelos mier satranzito rolis SesrulebisaTvis Aazerbaijani valdebulebas iRebda miewodebina ufasod Cveni qveynisaTvis sawvavis garkveuli raodenoba. 1921 wels sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis okupaciisa da sabWoTa xelisuflebis 70-wliani batonobis dros, saqarTvelos, rogorc satranzito qveynis roli saerTod dakninebuli iyo.
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi umZimesma politikurma da ekonomikurma krizisma iCina Tavi. es problemebi damZimda TbilisSi, afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi samoqalaqo konfliqtebis Sedegadac, ramac gamoiwvia ltolvilTa didi nakadi saqarTvelos teritoriaze.
1990 welTan SedarebiT saqarTvelos ekonomikam 70%-iani dacema ganicada, industriuli seqtoris moculoba 70%-mde daeca, mZime krizisSi imyofeboda saqarTvelos soflis meurneoba. TiTqmis ganadgurebuli iyo saqarTvelos turistuli baza, qveynis ekonomikis erT-erTi mTavari Semosavlis wyaro. sarekordo maCvenebels 8400%-s miaRwia inflaciis donem.
saqarTvelos ekonomika, romelic mTlianad iyo damokidebuli ruseTsa da yofil sabWoTa kavSiris sxva respublikebze, TiTqmis mTlianad paralizebuli iyo. mxolod saerTaSoriso struqturebis daxmarebiT SesaZlebeli xdeboda qveyanaSi samoqalaqo da humanitaruli katastrofis Tavidan acileba.
politikuri da ekonomikuri krizisidan Tavis daRwevis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi faqti iyo qveyanaSi stabilizaciis damyareba da saqarTvelos metad mniSvnelovani teritoriuli mdebareobis maqsimaluri gamoyeneba.
didi roli saqarTvelos krizisidan gamosvlisa da msoflios wamyvani saxelmwifoebis dainteresebis sakiTxebSi iTamaSa orma didma proeqtma; jer `abreSumis gzis~ aRorZinebam, da Semdgom kaspiis sanavTobo proeqtebma. mokled ganvixiloT kaspiis sanavTobo proeqtebis  mniSvneloba Cveni qveynisaTvis.
  

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