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სუუამი და რეგიონული თანამშრომლობა


ნიკა ჩიტაძე
თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის ასპირანტი

სტატია გამოქვეყნებულია aSS-Si gamomaval qarTul gazeT “kvalშi”. 

2000 wlis noemberi

suuam-is farglebSi TanamSromlobas jer kidev 1996 wels Caeyara safuZveli, rodesac euTos farglebSi agreTve q. venaSi evropaSi Cveulebrivi SeiaraRebuli Zalebis xelSekrulebis Sesaxeb gamarTuli molaparakebebis dros xdeboda poziciebis SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos, azerbaijanis, moldovisa da ukrainis delegaciebs Soris.
1997 wlis  10 oqtombers q. strasburgSi euTo-s wevri qveynebis samitze oTxi qveynis prezidentebma xeli moaweres xelSekrulebas suam-is Seqmnis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli xelSekruleba iTvaliswinebda TanamSromlobas politikur, samxedro da ekonomikur sferoebSi.
1997 wlis 25 noembers baqoSi gaimarTa suam-is qveynebis samTavrobo delegaciebis sakonsultacio Sexvedra, sadac daisaxa oTx qveyanas Soris sxvadasxva sferoSi TanamSromlobis konkretuli programa, ganxilul iqna oTxive qveynisaTvis iseTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi, rogorebicaa politikuri TanamSromloba da wevr saxelmwifoTa Soris koordinirebuli urTierTqmedeba saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan TanamSromlobis farglebSi, agreTve wevr-saxelmwifoTa teritoriaze arsebuli konfliqtebis mSvidobiani gziT gadawyvetisa, separatistul moZraobasTan brZolis sferoSi. Sexvedraze aRiniSna agreTve nato-sTan urTierTobebis gaaqtiurebis aucilebloba, maT Soris'nato-s programa `partnioroba mSvidobisaTvis~ programis farglebSi. metad mniSvnelovani iyo agreTve TanamSromlobis ganviTareba evraziuli satransporto derefnis SeqmnaSi da suam-is batalionis CamoyalibebaSi.
1998 wlis 28 aprils gaimarTa suam-is qveynebis sagareo saqmeTa ministrebis sakonsultacio, romelic mieZRvna dsT-is wevri qveynebis sagareo saqmeTa ministrebis sabWos sxdomaze suam-is wevri saxelmwifoebis poziciaTa SeTanxmebas sxvadasxva sferoSi.
Semdeg Sexvedras adgili hqonda kievSi 1998 wlis 21-23 ivliss, sadac dsT-is struqturebis reformirebis sakiTxebTan erTad ganxilul iqna suam_is farglebSi kooperaciis prioritetuli mimarTulebani.
1998 wlis 16 seqtembers TbilisSi xeli moewera suam-is qveynebis sasazRvro uwyebebis xelmZRvanelebis samuSao Sexvedris oqms sasazRvro sakiTxebSi TanamSromlobasTan dakavSirebiT. dokumenti, romelic miRebul iqna aRniSnuli Sexvedris dros, iTvaliswinebda TanamSromlobas iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxebSi, rogoricaa brZola saerTaSoriso terorizmisa da narkotikuli nivTirebebis kontrabandis winaaRmdeg, nato-s programa `partnioroba mSvidobisaTvis~ operatiuli informaciis gacvlas da sxva sakiTxebs.
TanamSromlobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi kidev erTxel dafiqsirda 1998 wlis 5 oqtombers saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministris, v. lorTqifaniZis vaSingtonSi vizitis dros, rodesac suam-is qveynebis delegaciebis xelmZRvanelebis mier miRebuli iqna erTobliva gancxadeba.
1999 wlis ianvarSi Sedga suam-is qveynebis Tavdacvis ministrebis Sexvedra baqoSi xolo 1999 wlis gazafxulze saqarTveloSi Catarda erToblivi wvrTna, romlis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizani iyo saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebuli baqo-sufsas navTobsadenis dacvis sferoSi samxedro pirebis kvalifikaciis amaRleba.
1999 wlis maisSi suam-is wevri gaxda uzbekeTic, romelmac iseve rogorc saqarTvelom da azerbaijanma ar ganaaxla dsT-is 9 qveyanas Soris 1993 wels xelmowerili xelSekruleba koleqtiuri usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb, romlis moqmedebis vada 1999 wlis 20 aprils iwureboda (ukraina da moldova ar iyvnen aRniSnuli xelSekrulebis wevrebi). uzbekeTis suam-Tan SeerTebis Semdeg organizacia suuam-is saxeliT gaxda cnobili.
amrigad dsT-is sivrceSi aSkarad gamoikveTa wevr saxelmwifoTa ori ZiriTadi dajgufeba. pirvels Seadgenen is qveynebi, romelTa sagareo-politikuri da samxedro-politikuri mTavari prioritetia pirvel rigSi ruseTTan integraciuli procesebis ganviTareba, ase vTqvaT `rusuli~ orientaciis qveynebi. am dajgufebas miekuTvneba dsT-is koleqtiuri uSiSroebis qveynebi: TviT ruseTi, belorusia, yazaxeTi, somxeTi, yirgizeTi, yazaxeTi da tajikeTi. romlebmac 1999 wlis 20 aprils ganaaxles 1993 wlis maisSi taSkentSi xelmowerili xelSekruleba dsT-is qveynebis koleqtiuri usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb. garda amisa am organizaciis 5 wevri (ruseTi, belorusia, yazaxeTi, yirgizeTi, tajikeTi) ekomomikuri xasiaTis mqone xelSekrulebis `sabaJo kavSiris~ wevrebi arian.
rac Seexeba meore dajgufebas, mas warmoadgenen suuam-is wevri saxelmwifoebi, romelTa mTavari sagareo-politikuri prioritetia dasavleTis qveynebTan, maT demokratiul struqturebTan, natos-Tan TanamSromlobis gaRrmaveba.
suuam-is wevr qveynebs bevri saerTo xasiaTis problemebi gaaCniaT, kerZod, es aris teritoriuli mTlianobis problema da brZola separatizmTan, romlis gadawyveta pirvel rigSi saqarTvelosaTvis (afxazeTi,samaCablo), moldovisaTvis (dnestrispireTi) da azerbaijanisaTvis (mTiani yarabaRi) erT-erT umTavres politikur mizans warmoadgens. aRsaniSnavia, rom es problema aqtualuria ukrainasa da uzbekeTisaTvis, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqts, rom ukrainaSi arsebobs yirimis avtonomiuri olqi, sadac sWarbobs rusulenovani mosaxleoba da agreTve cxovroben yirimeli TaTrebi, romelTac ukrainis centraluri xelisuflebis mimarT garkveuli politikuri moTxovnebi gaaCniaT. rac Seexeba uzbekeTs, misi teritoriis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis yarayalpakeTis avtonomiuri respublika, agreTve tajikeTis sazRvris siaxloves arsebobs kompaqturi tajikuri mosaxleoba. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT tajikeTSi arsebul arastabilur mdgomareobas, da im faqts, rom tajikeTi ruseTis strategiul mokavSires warmoadgens Sua aziaSi, krizisuli situaciis warmoqmna SedarebiT stabilur uzbekeTSicaa mosalodneli (Tumca situaciis gamwvaveba uzbekeTSi naklebad mosalodnelia).
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, suuam-is wevri qveynebisaTvis potenciuri konfliqtebis aRmofrqvis sakiTxebSi TanamSromloba erT-erT mTavar prioritetul mimarTulebas warmoadgens.
erT-erT umTavres prioritets suuam-is wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis agreTve warmoadgens evroaziuri satransporto derefnisa da kaspiis navTobis dasavleTis mimarTulebiT transportirebis sferoSi TanamSromlobis gaZliereba. mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom arsebobs erT-erTi proeqti, romlis mixedviT azerbaijanidan saqarTvelos teritoriis gavliT sufsis  terminalidan navTobis transportireba tankerebis meSveobiT moxdeba.
odesaSi, saidanac jer kidev sabWoTa periodSi arsebuli navTobsadenis meSveobiT moxdeba navTobis transportireba aRmosavleT da dasavleT evropis, agreTve moldovis mimarTulebiT. mosalodnelia, rom baqo-sufsis navTobsadeniT, agreTve baqo-jeihanis navTobsadenis amoqmedebis Semdeg aRniSnuli milsadenebiT moxdeba uzbekeTis navTobis tranportirebac, romelic 1997 wels navTobis mopovebis gazrdis Semdeg (4 mln. tona weliwadSi) navTobis eqsportiori gaxda da eZebs gasaRebis bazrebs. garda amisa uzbekeTma daiwyo da momavalSic gegmavs gazardos uzbekuri bambis eqsporti dasavleTis mimarTulebiT jer azerbaijanis, xolo Semdeg saqarTvelos teritoriisa da portebis (FfoTi, baTumi) gamoyenebiT.   amitomac uzbekeTisaTvis, iseve rogorc ra Tqma unda ukrainisa da moldovisaTvis stabilubis SenarCuneba da navTobsadenis usafrTxoeba azerbaijansa da saqarTveloSi, sasicoxlo mniSvnelobis amocanas warmoadgens.
xuTive saxelmwifosaTvis metad mniSvnelovania koordinirebuli politikis warmoeba ruseTTan, romlis mxridan mosalodnelia sxvadasxva saxis provokaciebi suuam-is wevri saxelmwifoebis teritoriaze, romlis erT-erT magaliTs warmoadgens ruseTis mcdeloba saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanis CrdilokavkasiaSi mimdinare movlenebis CarTvis Taobaze. koordinirebuli moqmedebaa saWiro agreTve dasavleTis wamyvan saxelmwifoebTan molaparakebebis dros.
udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba suuam-is wevr saxelmwifoTa Soris ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis ganviTarebas.
bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi ukraina da azerbaijani Sedian saqarTvelos umsxviles savaWro partniorTa aTeulSi. rac Seexeba saxelSekrulebo-samarTlebriv bazas, suuam-is wevr saxelmwifoebTan sxvadasxva sferoSi saqarTvelos xelmowerili aqvs 200-ze meti dokumenti, aqedan 100-ze meti ekonomikuri xasiaTisaa.
samxedro-politikuri sakiTxebi
jer kidev 1998 wlis 23 oqtombers q. venaSi suam-is qveynebis mier daisaxa TanamSromlobis SesaZlo mimarTulebebi, maT Soris samxedro-politikur sferoSi, kerZod erTobliv komunikeSi naTqvami iyo:
suam-is farglebSi TanamSromlobis erT-erT mTavar mizans warmoadgens regionaluri usafrTxoebis ganmtkiceba. am ideis ganxorcileba warmoudgenelia regionSi arsebuli konfliqtebis mowesrigebis gareSe. samwuxarod, dRes saqarTvelos, moldovisa da azerbaijanis winaSe aRniSnuli problema mTeli simwvaviT dgas da migvaCnia, rom erToblivad unda SevimeSavoT misi mSvidobiani gziT mowesrigebis mizniT.
misasalmebelia ukrainis aqtiuri pozicia, romelic gamoixata beniluqsis qveynebSi ukrainis yofili elCis, amJamindeli sagareo saqmeTa ministris b. tarasiukis mier gaweul muSaobaSi suam-is qveynebis nato-sTan TanamSromlobis, formatiT 164, gaRrmavebis mizniT. sasurvelia erToblivi moqmedebebis koordinireba nato-s programa partnioroba mSvidobisaTvis farglebSi, rac momavalSi am mimarTulebiT SeTanxmebuli RonosZiebebis dagegmvisa da Catarebis garkveul safuZvels Seqmnis. amasTanave aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelo iwyebs Tavisi sazRvao akvatoriis sakuTari ZalebiT gakontrolebas.
- ufro efeqturad unda iqnas gamoyenebuli euTo-s operatiuli SesaZleblobebi, kerZod, samSvidobo operaciebis ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT;
-  saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mxardaWeriT unda gaaqtiurdes erToblivi Zalisxmeva agresiuli separatizmis yovelnairi gamovlinebis winaaRmdeg;
- samxreT kavkasiis regionSi ukanasknel xans ganviTarebuli movlenebis fonze unda gaaqtiurdes erToblivi Zalisxmeva terorizmis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi;
-   mSvidobiani, stabiluri 21-e saukunis msoflio arqiteqturis SemuSavebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ganekuTvneba adamianis uflebaTa dacvas. suam-is wevrma saxelmwifoebmac Tavisi wvlili unda Seitanon mTavari demokratiuli monapovris-adamianis uflebebis dacvis ganmtkicebaSi.
yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, suuam-is sivrceSi samxedro-politikuri TanamSromlobis ganviTarebis mizniT mizanSewonili iqneboda muSaoba Semdeg sakiTxebze:
-dsT-is sivrceSi ruseTis gavlenis Sesustebis mizniT muSaobis dawyeba koleqtiuri usafrTxoebis xelSekrulebis dadebaze, roca suuam-is wevr saxelmwifoze Tavdasxma ganixilebodes rogorc suuam-is danarCen wevrebze agresia, rasac mohyveba urTierTdaxmareba samxedro sferoSi. aRniSnuli nabiji Cvenis azriT aiZulebs potenciur agresors ruseTs ufro frTxili politika gaataros suuam-is qveynebis mimarT;
-ukrainis CarTva gaeros egidiT `saqarTvelos megobari qveynebis~ jgufSi, agreTve molaparakebis gagrZeleba am saxelmwifosTan misi samxedro kontingentis qarTul-afxazuri konfliqtis zonaSi gaeros egidiT CarTvasTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli sakiTxis gadawyveta daakargvinebs ruseTs, monopolistis rols qarTul-afxazur konfliqtis mogvarebaSi;
-molaparakebis gamarTva suuam-is wevr saxelmwifoebTan saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanis teritoriaze erToblivi samxedro wvrTnebis warmoebis Sesaxeb, aRniSnuli wvrTnebis mTavari amocana unda iyos moqmedi baqo-sufsisa da momavalSi asamoqmedebeli baqo-jeihanis navTobsadenis erToblivi dacva suuam-is samxedro Zalebis mier, raTa aRkveTili iqnes saqarTveloSi ruseTis samxedro bazebidan momdinare raime saxis provokacia;
-koordinirebuli poziciebis SemuSaveba nato-s an aSS-is xelmZRvanelobasTan molaparakebebis dros, raTa aRniSnuli samxedro wvrTnebisaTvis SesaZlebeli iyos fuladi saxis daxmarebis gaweva, aseve SesaZleblobebis farglebSi suuam-is specialuri daniSnulebis qveganayofebis Tanamedrove Nnato-s SeiaraRebiT aRWurva;
-suuam-is wevr saxelmwifoTa samxedro mosamsaxureebis kvalifikaciis amaRlebis mizniT poziciebis SemuSaveba suuam-is wevri romelime qveynis teritoriaze nato-s programa `partnioroba mSvidobisaTvis~ farglebSi samxedro wvrTnebis Catarebis Taobaze, programis sxva wevr saxelmwifoebTan erTad.
yovelive zemoaRniSnulis ganxorcieleba SesaZlobas iZleva Seiqmnas usafrTxoebis myari garantiebi kaspiis sanavTobo proeqtebis ganxorcielebis dros da aRikveTos is SesaZlo provokaciebi, romlebic arsebobs kaspiis navTobis transportirebis gzaze.

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